Why are fats, oils, and greases (FOGs) problematic in wastewater treatment?

Fats, oils, and greases (FOGs) are problematic in wastewater treatment primarily because they can clog pipes and disrupt treatment processes. FOGs tend to aggregate and solidify within the wastewater systems, leading to blockages in pipes, pumps, and other equipment. When these substances accumulate, they can cause significant operational issues such as reduced flow rates, equipment malfunctions, and even complete shutdowns of treatment facilities.

Furthermore, the presence of FOGs can negatively impact the efficiency of biological treatment processes. When FOGs accumulate, they may create a barrier that inhibits proper microbial activity, which is essential for breaking down organic matter in the wastewater. This disruption can lead to lower treatment efficiency, increased odors, and higher costs due to the need for maintenance and repairs.

In contrast, the other choices suggest that FOGs have either beneficial effects or that they are easily managed, which does not accurately reflect the challenges they present in wastewater treatment systems.