What is a potential consequence of failing to properly disinfect treated wastewater?

Disinfecting treated wastewater is a critical step in the treatment process, aimed at removing or inactivating pathogens that could pose health risks to humans and the environment. When treated wastewater is not properly disinfected, harmful microorganisms, such as bacteria, viruses, and protozoa, can remain in the effluent. This increases the likelihood of exposure to these pathogens when the water is released back into natural bodies or reused for irrigation, recreational, or industrial purposes. Such exposure can result in waterborne diseases, public health outbreaks, and negative impacts on ecosystems.

The other options do not directly relate to the primary function of wastewater disinfection. While poor disinfection could indirectly lead to operational issues or costs, the most immediate and significant consequence is the potential risk to human health and safety due to the presence of pathogens in the water that has been deemed treated. Therefore, the emphasis on human health makes this option particularly relevant and critical in understanding the importance of wastewater disinfection.